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The family art collections of the Rothschilds were legendary for their extravagance and refinement. This is the first history of the Rothschilds as bibliophiles and especially as collectors of medieval illuminated manuscripts. It follows the extraordinary and sometimes mysterious collections of Barons Adolphe de Rothschild (1823-1900), of Naples, Ferdinand (1839-1898) of Vienna and Waddesdon, Edmond (1845-1934) of Paris, and others, following the restless movement of these supremely important works of art across the private libraries of Europe.
In 1940, the Rothschild collections in Paris were looted by the Nazis, and the tale pursues the fate of the stolen manuscripts, some of them still missing. Almost no Rothschild manuscript ever includes a bookplate or ownership mark. The inquiry traces literally hundreds of illuminated manuscripts, including some of the world's most famous books, made for the Duc de Berry, Catherine of Cleves, Isabella the Catholic, and many others, and finds them to have one thing in common: they were all, at one time, Rothschild possessions.
- Sales Rank: #3273763 in Books
- Published on: 2005-08-22
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 10.00" h x 1.00" w x 7.00" l, 1.01 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 110 pages
About the Author
Christopher de Hamel is the Gaylord Donnelley Librarian at Corpus Christi College, University of Cambridge.
Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
manuscripts
By hypathia0077
The book provides many coloured examples from a wide variety of sources. The history of the Rothchild collection is interesting as it provides a picture of how the books' travels resulted in their final resting place. As I enjoy viewing the illuminations for their technichal production I found the pictures too small to actually see, sometimes, even with a magnifying glass, the details are not visable.
This book is a nice addition to my collection and I enjoy reading its history.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A superb work Some of the greatest Rothschild Manuscripts are now in America
By Dr
Summary
This is a very important book and I have written a very long review
The key points are
Most basic point
manuscripts have stories to tell
As I say below
TO MAUUSRIPTS it is a matter of LIFE. (Survival) or death, (destruction ,dismemberment or loss )
Other points
The Emperor Franz II ennobled the family in 1822 -- this meant that every on of Mayer Amschel's descendants could call themselves Baron or Baroness. Those that took British citizenship had to renounce foreign titles. I have been very inconsistent n the use of titles throughout this review-- my apologies
The Rothschilds started collecting illuminated manuscripts in the 1850's. Few manuscripts were given away and very few sold till after WWII. The manuscripts passed from one generation of Rothschild to the next by rather complex lines of descent
The Rothschilds sold anonymously so determining Rothschild ownership was near impossible. The Rothschild's owned quite a few world class manuscripts ( and a number of lesser works) --de Hamel is able to cautiously reconstruct the various Rothschildmanuscript libraries from information not previously available.
A number of the manuscripts have now been sold. A number of the greatest are in American institutions and possibly a few in American private collections . Others went to other major libraries and museums around the world
On page 72 there is a index of manuscripts. These are listed by location. Listing of a manuscript doesn't mean Rothschild ownership
I cannot vouch for my list but this is the situation as I see it-- get the book and check the details if it is a matter of interest to you
2 Rothschild manuscripts went to Cleveland ( Hours of Isabella the Catholic, Hours of Charles the Noble)
The Getty appears to have 7. The Getty manuscripts are known by Ludwig number as they came from Dr Peter Ludwig's collection in Cologne. Three have names-- Brandenburg Prayerbook, Froissart Chronicles, and Genealogy of Derrer family
Yale 2-3 Cantica Canticorum, Christine de Pisan--:Livre des Trois Vertus
Metropolitan Museum Art 3 -- at the Cloisters Belles Hours ,Duc de Berry, Hours of Jeanne de 'Evreux, The Cloisters Apocalypse
Pierpont Morgan Library 1 --Hours of Catherine of Cleves The Rothschilds owned half see below for a possible explanation
Some passed through American collectors hands . Probably the greatest was the Houghton Shahnamah ( Kings Book of Kings) bought 1959 by A A Houghton
This great manuscript had an unhappy later life.--78 sheets went to the Metropolitan, it was further dismembered. The residue went to Iran in 1994 in exchange for one of the late Shah's. de Kooning's
For more detail read the review below
This may sound a heavy read but it is full of interest
If you are interested in Illuminated Manuscripts then the Rothschilds owned a number that end up in London, Paris, America etc
Many people just like looking at illuminated manuscripts. They may just look,other also like to copy them etc etc
Some have no interest in where these manuscripts came from-- in which collections they passed through. It is of little concern to them whether they survived the ravages of time.why bother learning about it
Vast numbers of Manuscripts did not survive the French Revolution, many did survive as they had commercial value or other people could see that they needed to be preserved in the heat of revolution. Books with strong French Royal associations were destroyed early on because of hated for the monarchy
Lucky of us The Tres Riches Belles Hours Duc de Berry was in Italy at the time in a Italian Nobleman's collect
the examples could be multiplied
What we have today is partly a matter of some manuscripts that were always or nearly always treasured ( they had a relatively
smooth path to our day )
Other had to survive neglect, war,dismemberment and other problem on there path to survival
The Rothschilds collected a number of great manuscripts. There time of great peril was when the French Rothschilds manuscripts were looted by the Nazis
A book that shows what a Russian collector was able to buy about 1800 is
Western Illuminated Manuscripts (Temporis)
Western European Illuminated Manuscripts (Great Painters)
My review is here. This is the original edition with Russian and a European co publication .Since the break up of the Soviet Union publishing arrangement have changed a lot. It has republished by several publishers-- I have a clean and a working copy
I like this edition but I only have two different editions from 2 publishers or Possibly the same publisher using a different imprint
It cost is important check the option
Like many books of Russian origin it can be variously listed on Amazon and it is no easy job to find the options
This book doesn't appear to have sold well but is a real gem -- a real insight to what a non noble collector could obtain in 1800
One example pages 217--224 the Hours for Louis of Orelans c 1490 this manuscript had belonged to Loius XII that the non nobleman had in his collection
Another is on pages 174--189. The Grande Chroniques De France ( Chronicles of France) Mid 15 th century
Produced for Philip of Burgandy,remained in the heirs of the duke till looted in theSeven Years War in 18 th century ,bought by a Russian Count and later sold to the Czar
War and time of turmoil and time of deep economic stress causes manuscripts to move.Some survive , others are never seen again and others still are destroyed
Makes you wish you yourself could have been there snapping up these manuscripts -- a number with Royal or Noble owners
Think what was destroyed and be very very thankful for what we still have
True the picture is much much larger but this is a great inexpensive counterbalance to the Rothschild family collections
In the end it doesn't matter if you care about how manuscripts survive or whether they survive or not
Why worry that the Tres Riches Belles Hours may have meet its end in the French Revolution, ( it was already outside France by then ) -- others would survive for us to view with pleasure
TO MANUSCRIPTS it is a matter of life (survival ) or death destruction or lost-- site unknown
Knowing about there history of ownership can be boring or interesting. Do you owe it to the manuscripts you love to try finding out about how they made the journey
Yes this only covers a very small part of the story . It is an excellent place to start.
I don't know of one book that covers the whole history of major manuscript survival. There are a number of specialist studies like this one . This place is a good place to start getting some bearing
I got my initial bearing on learning about Sir a Thomas Phillipps the very great 19th collector
You need to start somewhere and take the plunge
You will learn a lot about previous owners (provenance), This helps for reading that great Taschen volume "Masterpieces of Illumination I keep mentioning see at bottom of review
Review
This is a very important book about the Rothschilds Illuminated Manuscripts
It started life as a series of lectures to the Conferences Delisle at The Bibliotheque National de France in 1998
((These are rather like the Panizzi Lectures at the British Library-- it is a great honor to be asked to give them)
Christopher de Hamel bring a lifetime of study to this area. From 1975--2000. He was responsible for all sales of illuminated manuscripts at Sotheby's . He has been interested in the Rothschild manuscripts for 25 years
He notes that this is neither an authorised account of a private collection or a mischievous one. He was given access to the Rothschild archives in London and the archives at Waddesdon. He notes that a great deal of the material is conjectural and provisional.On the whole the Rothschilds are very private people and kept no records of there book purchases. Manuscripts tended to descend through the family. As most Rothschilds married there first cousins this makes tracing the manuscripts difficult.Dr de Hamel has cast is net wide to find every scrap of evidence. He has done an excellent job
I will make some comments on the chapters
You will find several Rothschilds had similar names
There is no family tree-- I think wisely as intermarriage and lines of inheritance make this a wiring diagram to tax a computer chip designer
I will not cover every Rothschild in this book. The author introduces various Rothschild collector's in a varying degree of detail-- some are more important to the story off manuscripts than others
There are 32 pages of plates in colour. About a third to a half are full page. These are lectures and as such the illustrations are important but not primary. Yes there are lectures with great illustrations but not usually at this price
As the Rothschilds almost always sold anonymously it has been difficult to know what there library of Manuscripts contained. Quite a number of there finest manuscripts are in various American institions like the Pierpont Morgan Library, The Getty, The Metropolitian Museum of Art, The ClevelandMuseum of Art among others
I suspect those with:
Masterpieces of Illumination: The World's Most Famous Manuscripts 400 To 1600. Taschen 25
Will find this book interesting. I haven't gone through it to find Rothschild manuscripts in it but there will be a reasonable representation
Not every Rothschild manuscript was a masterpiece
My computer's autocorrect or has had a field day and I haven't found all the mis spellings- sorry
The founder of the family fortune was Mayer Amschel Rothschild He had five sons who he sent to five major trading centres
Amschel remained in Franfurt
Salomen went to Vienna
Nathan went to Lndon
Carl to Naples
James to ParisIt is wise to remember these 5 centres
By the third generation in the mid nineteenth century family interrelationship had become very complex
Adolphe Rothschild (1823--1900 Naples branch) was pipped at the post for the Tres Riches Hours of the Duc de Berry-- the manuscript went to the Duc d'Aumale at Chantilly in France --1856
Adolphe was to own The hours of Catherine of Cleves
The last King of Naples secured his last loan from the Rothschild's Naples branch with treasures from his treasury.?Adolphe did not want any with overt Christian symbolism.If I understand de Hamel aright he thinks the Hours of Catherine of Cleves was taken apart by the bookseller who took all the Old Testament illustrations and put them in the manuscript that went to Adolphe. There were saints portraits in his manuscript but they were set in secular or medieval contexts.
The othe part that was bought by the the Dukes of Arenberg had the Life of the Virgin, the Birth and Passion of Christ and the Trinity
The combined Hours of Catherine of Cleves is in the Pierpont Morgan Library
Hebrew bibles are seldom illuminated and most of the best illuminated manuscripts come from the Christian tradion. This posed problems for the Rothschilds who were Orthodox Jews. They meet this challenge in several ways. You will have to read the book to see Adolphe died childless. There passed to Maurice de Rothshild of Paris(1878--1957 see below
Boron Anselm of Vienna. 1803--1874
De hamel reconstructs his manuscripts on pages 7--8 (1866 inventory9 items) and 1872 catalogue 7 items
He had got some major item between 1866 and 1872 including
A Commentary on the Apostes Creed for Charles VIII of France
Prayer book for Pope Leo X. A Medici Pope
There is also a Prayerbook of Albrecht of Brandenburg
The Rothschilds liked works owned by the Medici ( bankers who became rulers of Florence and I think had 2 popes around this time. The same applied for Royal ownership)
de Hamel lists the works and gives a lot of useful information about them. He does this for other members of the family
Example page 9
Number 595. Prayerbook Vellum 8' Netherlands early sixteenth century Dutch Text. 42 full-page miniatures and facing pages with pictorial borders, made for Albrecht of Brandenberg (1490-1545) later opened by the Schonborn family...
Following Anselm's death in 1905 his manuscripts were divided between two of his three surviving sons who both added to there inheritance he follows these sons and there manuscripts
We are still in Vienna and it is 1938 and Hitler invades Austria Alphonse had inherited his uncle's manuscripts. He manages to flee Austria, his younger brother was arrested by the Nazis . He covers the fate of these manuscripts post war and some were sold for excellent prices.
The story then moves back to England were Ferdinand (Vienna branch ) marries his English cousin ( who dies in child birth age 27 .He never remarries.) on inheriting on his father's death he built a beautiful Chateau like house called Waddesdon Manor and spent the rest of his life filling it with art-- this is now owned by the National Trust
15 manuscripts went to the British Museum( now dived into The British Museum and the British Library-previous a single instition. It was still so when I worked in the UK in the late 1980's)
de Hemels annotations are as above but with the added detail that noted books inherited fron Baron Anselm
The next two chapter's cover Baron Edmond of Paris. (1845--1934) and his three children
James A who lived in England from 1913
Maurice (1881--1957)
Miriam-- known as Alexandrine. (1884--1965)
On the death of Baron Edmond James (eldest) had an inventory of his manuscripts made with values in pounds (see page 19)
There had once been 104 item , 94 remained to derived up
The list was made by one of Maggs senior employees (Maggs was one of London's greatest book dealers) and he along with the late Baron's librarian worked out the prices and got an exact division between the three heirs. They all accepted the division. Each got a selection of first class works and lesser works. This list done for the estate following Baron Edmond's death is central to reconstructing Baron Edmond's Manuscripts
Baron Edmond was a passionate collector He started young and collected woodcuts and engraving
His first illuminated manuscripts often were tales of chivalry.starting 1873
By 1880 he was buying Christian manuscripts
The first was the Belles Hours of the Duc de Berry
The Hours of Isabella the Catholic,queen of Spain followed . Royal manuscripts for the Coronation of Anne of Brittany and on other of the Wedding of Louis xV followed. About half the books in Edmond's collection were Christian (Books of Hours and Prayerbooks
He did collect Persian romances and chronicles. Including the famous Houghton Kings book of Kings ( shah Tahmasp Shahnama )
Although there is no details on Rothschild purchases there are records on manuscripts that Baron Edmond turned downhis most famous rejection was the Farnese Hours which Pierpont Morgan bought a few years later. ( The Baron thought he already had 2 manuscripts illuminated byJulio Clivio-- he was wrong )
The following chapter follows what happened to Edmond's son Maurice and Daughter Alexandrine
Maurice escaped to Montreal, I am unsure what happened to his sister
The Nazis seized French Art in compensation for losses in Germany during the Wars in the Rhineland in 1794 ( yes 1794 two centuries earlier see page 33)I won't try to explain how the Nazis justified there taking of Jewish property-see text
de Hamel then ( page 34--36 a statement of loss files with the French authorities post war
The manuscripts are described by century with as much detail as the claimant can remember
Maurice was very vague
Alexandrine was detailed
The Rothschilds items went to at least three places
Fail my paper to Berlin, captured by Russians, sent to Moscow returned and now in London late 1990's
One or two and possibly a few further items to Berchtesgarten where Hitler and Georing had "Retreats) these items were seem by members of the American Army in a railway car when Berchtesgarten fell
The majority of there treasure went to Neuschwanstein (Ludwig II of Barvaria's castle
Despite a World War raging around them some20,000 typescript entries were done by competent catalogers
These archives in Koblenz have only recently become oven to the public and record 11 manuscripts de Hamel give these 11 manuscripts the German documentary tag
He then covers the restoration of the manuscripts
Some very returned from Nazi storage sites , some had been found by servicemen who put them in there nap sack--some of these were recognised and returned
Another very useful list that de Hamel heard about through friend's in the Bibliothque Nationale (BN) was Jean Porcher's list for Maurice de Rothschild of his manuscripts and his ordering of there commercial value ( page 44--45)
De Hamel covered the disposal of the manuscripts following Maurice's death Sales of Rothschild manuscripts are very decreed. The Rothschild name is not mentioned -- something like "the property of a Gentleman" is used
The best was Shah Tahmasp Shahnama which went to Arthur Houghton for an estimated $100,000 in1959
Cleveland bought the Hours of Isabella the Catholic
About 1963 the Pierpont Morgan Library bought the Hours of Catherine of Cleves and soon after the curator of it's Medieval Manuscripts noted that it was the other half of the Hours of Catherine of Cleves -- the other part was much better known and had been owned by the Dukes of Arenberg-- it was then in a private New York collection
There was one sale of Madame Alexandrine before her death in 1964 , the main sale after her death was in 1968
There were 12 lots and de Hamel notes them page 50
One of the Gem's of the book is the list of Edmond de Rothschild's books as listed in the 1936, by manuscript number
There are 102manuscripts
To give one or two examples
Ms 3 Froissart Chronicle
Froissart , Chroniques, III only, apparently for Edward IV, probably Bruges c 1480--1483. 366 leaves. 25 large and 39 miniatures : in green morocco gilt, of 1700 Assigned to Maurice at a valuation of �1000: Maurice's number 33: number. Vii in Porcher's list of 1952: offered in America in 1964; bought by HP Krause from a Swiss Lawyer - October 1968: Krause Mouumenta cat 1974 number 40 at $ 385,000 Sold to Dr Peter Ludwig, now Los Angeles- J Paul Getty Museum ! MS Ludwig. xIII.7
MS 25 Portulan of Charles V
Portulan Atlas 11 leaves. 9 double page maps, Arms of Charles V ( Holy Roman Emperor). Venice 1536--1558. Italian Jewelled binding. Assigned to Alexandrine at a valuation of �3,500
Statement of loss post war number 387 as lost by Alexandrine
As one can see from these 2 examples de Hamel has tried to gather up the information on each of the manuscripts an summarise it succinctly
This is an excellent book that gives a lot more detail than we have had before on Rothschild Illuminated manuscripts. Their best manuscripts were world class and a number now live in America-- see my brief list in my summary at the top
De Hamel's summary tables contain a lot of carefully summarised data. de Hamel has found new sources and been allowed to publish family lists of manuscripts that in a man of de Hamel's knowledge and skill have rendered so much insight.
As de Hamel said his finding are subject to revision but this well documented study is a fine piece of work to build on
An older work well worth finding ( sometimes hard to find and more expensive) is
A N L Munby
Connoisseurs and Medieval Miniatures. 1750-1850. Oxford University Press 1972
Covers a number of important collectors some of whose names are noted in the provenance section of some of the Manuscripts in
Masterpieces of Illumination: The World's Most Famous Manuscripts 400 To 1600
If Mnby is expensive you could see if your library could inter loan it
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Became interested in the collections these people had from their ...
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Became interested in the collections these people had from their collections, with the Internet, now can share the artwork and use as study guide.
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